Grade 9 EMS Exam Papers and Memos 2018 PDF Download
If you are a grade 9 learner who is studying Economic and Management Sciences (EMS), you might be looking for some past exam papers and memos to help you prepare for your tests. In this article, we will show you how to download and use the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files that are available online. But first, let's see what EMS is all about and why it is important to study.
grade 9 ems exam papers and memos 2018 pdf download
What is EMS and why is it important to study?
EMS is a subject that covers three main areas of study:
The economy
Financial literacy
Entrepreneurship
The economy is the system that produces, distributes, and consumes goods and services in a society. Financial literacy is the ability to manage your personal finances effectively. Entrepreneurship is the process of creating, running, and growing your own business.
EMS is important to study because it helps you to:
Understand how the economy works and how it affects your life
Develop the skills and knowledge to make informed financial decisions
Identify and pursue business opportunities that can improve your livelihood
Become a responsible citizen who contributes to the economic development of your community
What are the benefits of using past exam papers and memos?
Past exam papers and memos are previous questions and answers that were used in official exams. They are useful tools for revision because they help you to:
Review the topics that you have learned in class
Practice your exam techniques and time management skills
Identify your strengths and weaknesses in each topic
Improve your confidence and reduce your anxiety before the exam
How to download and use the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files?
To download the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files, you can use the following links:
TopicPaperMemo
The Economy
Financial Literacy
Entrepreneurship
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Read the questions carefully and try to answer them without looking at the memos.
Check your answers with the memos and mark your own work.
Analyze your mistakes and learn from them.
Repeat the process until you master all the topics.
The Economy
In this section, we will review some of the topics that you have learned about the economy, such as the history of money, needs and wants, and goods and services.
The history of money
Money is anything that is widely accepted as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value. Money has evolved over time from different forms and systems.
Bartering, commodity money, and fiat money
Bartering is the direct exchange of goods and services without using money. For example, a farmer might trade some eggs for some bread with a baker. Bartering has some limitations, such as the need for a double coincidence of wants, the lack of a common measure of value, and the difficulty of storing and transporting goods.
Commodity money is any good that has intrinsic value and can be used as money. For example, gold, silver, salt, and cattle have been used as commodity money in different times and places. Commodity money has some advantages, such as being durable, divisible, portable, and scarce. However, it also has some disadvantages, such as being subject to fluctuations in supply and demand, quality, and purity.
Fiat money is any legal tender that is issued by a government or a central bank and has no intrinsic value. For example, coins, notes, and electronic money are fiat money. Fiat money has some benefits, such as being easy to produce, control, and regulate. However, it also has some risks, such as being vulnerable to inflation, counterfeiting, and loss of confidence.
The functions and characteristics of money
Money performs three main functions in an economy:
Medium of exchange: Money facilitates trade by eliminating the need for bartering. It allows people to buy and sell goods and services easily and efficiently.
Unit of account: Money provides a common measure of value that can be used to compare the prices of different goods and services. It allows people to calculate their income, expenses, profits, losses, etc.
Store of value: Money allows people to save their wealth for future use. It preserves its purchasing power over time.
For money to perform these functions effectively, it must have certain characteristics:
Durable: Money must be able to withstand wear and tear. It must not deteriorate or decay over time.
Divisible: Money must be able to be divided into smaller units. It must be able to accommodate transactions of different sizes.
Portable: Money must be easy to carry and transfer. It must not be too heavy or bulky.
Scarce: Money must be limited in supply. It must not be too abundant or too rare.
Acceptable: Money must be widely accepted by people as a means of payment. It must have legal status and public confidence.
Uniform: Money must be standardized in quality and quantity. It must have consistent features and markings.
Needs and wants
Needs are things that are essential for survival, such as food, water, shelter, clothing, health care, etc. Wants are things that are desirable but not necessary for survival, such as entertainment, education, travel, etc.
The difference between needs and wants
The difference between needs and wants is based on subjective preferences and circumstances. What is a need for one person might be a want for another person. For example, a car might be a need for someone who lives in a remote area with no public transportation but a want for someone who lives in a city with good public transportation. Similarly, what is a want for one person might be a need for another person. For example, a smartphone might be a want for someone who only uses it for entertainment but a need for someone who uses it for work or education.
How to prioritize needs and wants
Prioritizing needs and wants is important for managing your personal finances and achieving your goals. To prioritize your needs and wants, you can use the following steps:
Make a list of all your needs and wants.
Rank them according to their importance and urgency.
Allocate your income and expenses according to your priorities.
Review and adjust your priorities regularly.
A useful tool for prioritizing your needs and wants is the Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which is a theory that divides human needs into five levels: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. According to this theory, you should satisfy your lower-level needs before moving on to your higher-level needs.
Goods and services
Goods are physical objects that can be seen, touched, and owned. Services are intangible activities that are performed by someone for someone else. Both goods and services are produced and consumed in the economy.
The difference between goods and services
The difference between goods and services is based on their characteristics. Some of the main differences are:
Goods are tangible while services are intangible.
Goods can be stored while services cannot be stored.
Goods can be transferred while services cannot be transferred.
Goods are standardized while services are customized.
Goods are produced before consumption while services are produced during consumption.
The types and sectors of goods and services
Goods and services can be classified into different types according to their nature and purpose. Some of the common types are:
Consumer goods and services: These are goods and services that are used by individuals or households for their personal satisfaction or benefit. For example, food, clothing, entertainment, etc.
Producer goods and services: These are goods and services that are used by businesses or organizations to produce other goods and services. For example, machinery, equipment, transportation, etc.
Public goods and services: These are goods and services that are provided by the government or the public sector for the benefit of the society as a whole. For example, defense, education, health care, etc.
Private goods and services: These are goods and services that are provided by the private sector for the benefit of specific individuals or groups. For example, cars, phones, insurance, etc.
Goods and services can also be classified into different sectors according to their origin and destination. Some of the common sectors are:
Primary sector: This is the sector that involves the extraction of natural resources from the environment. For example, agriculture, mining, fishing, etc.
Secondary sector: This is the sector that involves the processing of raw materials into finished or semi-finished products. For example, manufacturing, construction, electricity, etc.
Tertiary sector: This is the sector that involves the provision of services to consumers or producers. For example, retail, banking, tourism, etc.
Quaternary sector: This is the sector that involves the creation and dissemination of knowledge and information. For example, education, research, media, etc.
Financial Literacy
In this section, we will review some of the topics that you have learned about financial literacy , such as accounting concepts, income and expenses, and savings and investments.
Accounting concepts
Accounting is the process of recording, summarizing, analyzing, and communicating financial information about a business or an individual. Accounting is based on some fundamental concepts that guide the accounting practices and principles.
The accounting equation and the double-entry system
The accounting equation is the basic formula that shows the relationship between the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity of a business or an individual. The accounting equation is:
Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity
Assets are the resources that are owned or controlled by the business or the individual. Liabilities are the obligations or debts that are owed to others. Owner's equity is the residual claim or interest of the owner in the assets after deducting the liabilities.
The double-entry system is the method of recording transactions in accounting that ensures that the accounting equation is always balanced. The double-entry system requires that every transaction affects at least two accounts and that the total debits equal the total credits. A debit is an entry that increases an asset or decreases a liability or owner's equity. A credit is an entry that decreases an asset or increases a liability or owner's equity.
The accounting cycle and the financial statements
The accounting cycle is the sequence of steps that are followed to record, process, and report financial information in a given period. The accounting cycle consists of the following steps:
Identify and analyze transactions
Record transactions in journals
Post entries to ledgers
Prepare a trial balance
Adjust entries for accruals and deferrals
Prepare an adjusted trial balance
Prepare financial statements
Close temporary accounts to owner's equity
Prepare a post-closing trial balance
The financial statements are the reports that summarize the financial position and performance of a business or an individual. The main financial statements are:
The income statement: This shows the revenues, expenses, and net income or loss for a period.
The statement of owner's equity: This shows the changes in owner's equity for a period.
The balance sheet: This shows the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity at a point in time.
The statement of cash flows: This shows the sources and uses of cash for a period.
Income and expenses
Income is the money that is earned or received by a business or an individual from various sources, such as wages, salaries, interest, dividends, rent, etc. Expenses are the money that is spent or paid by a business or an individual for various purposes, such as rent, utilities, taxes, insurance, etc.
The difference between income and expenses
The difference between income and expenses is called net income or net loss. Net income is when income exceeds expenses. Net loss is when expenses exceed income. Net income or net loss can be calculated as:
Net Income (or Net Loss) = Income - Expenses
Net income or net loss indicates whether a business or an individual is making a profit or a loss in a given period. It also affects the owner's equity of a business or an individual.
How to prepare a personal budget and a cash flow statement
A personal budget is a plan that shows how much income and expenses a person expects to have in a given period. A personal budget helps a person to manage their money wisely and achieve their financial goals. To prepare a personal budget, you can use the following steps:
List your sources of income and estimate how much you will earn from each source in a month.
List your fixed expenses and estimate how much you will spend on each expense in a month. Fixed expenses are those that do not change much from month to month, such as rent, mortgage, insurance, etc.
List your variable expenses and estimate how much you will spend on each expense in a month. Variable expenses are those that change depending on your needs and wants, such as food, clothing, entertainment, etc.
Subtract your total expenses from your total income to get your net income or net loss for the month.
Evaluate your budget and make adjustments if necessary. For example, you can increase your income by finding additional sources of income or decrease your expenses by cutting down on unnecessary spending.
A cash flow statement is a report that shows how much cash a person has received and paid in a given period. A cash flow statement helps a person to monitor their cash inflows and outflows and plan their future cash needs. To prepare a cash flow statement, you can use the following steps:
List your sources of cash inflows and estimate how much cash you will receive from each source in a month. Cash inflows are the money that you receive from your income, savings, investments, loans, etc.
List your sources of cash outflows and estimate how much cash you will pay for each source in a month. Cash outflows are the money that you pay for your expenses, savings, investments, loans, etc.
Subtract your total cash outflows from your total cash inflows to get your net cash flow for the month.
Evaluate your cash flow statement and make adjustments if necessary. For example, you can increase your cash inflows by selling some of your assets or decrease your cash outflows by paying off some of your debts.
Savings and investments
Savings are the money that you set aside for future use. Investments are the money that you use to buy assets that can generate income or appreciate in value over time. Both savings and investments are important for building your wealth and achieving your financial goals.
The difference between savings and investments
The difference between savings and investments is based on their risk and return. Risk is the possibility of losing some or all of your money. Return is the amount of money that you earn or gain from your money.
Savings have low risk and low return. Savings are usually safe and guaranteed, but they also offer low interest rates or returns. For example, saving accounts, certificates of deposit, money market funds, etc.
Investments have high risk and high return. Investments are usually risky and uncertain, but they also offer high potential returns. For example, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, real estate, etc.
The types and benefits of savings and investments
Savings and investments can be classified into different types according to their features and objectives. Some of the common types are:
Short-term savings and investments: These are savings and investments that have a maturity or duration of less than one year. They are suitable for meeting short-term goals or emergencies. For example, saving accounts, treasury bills, money market funds, etc.
Long-term savings and investments: These are savings and investments that have a maturity or duration of more than one year. They are suitable for meeting long-term goals or retirement. For example, certificates of deposit, bonds, mutual funds, pension plans, etc.
Liquid savings and investments: These are savings and investments that can be easily converted into cash without losing much value. They are suitable for meeting unexpected needs or opportunities. For example, saving accounts, money market funds, stocks, etc.
Illiquid savings and investments: These are savings and investments that cannot be easily converted into cash without losing much value. They are suitable for meeting long-term growth or appreciation. For example, real estate, art, antiques, etc.
Savings and investments have various benefits for individuals and society. Some of the benefits are:
They provide security and peace of mind for the future.
They increase income and wealth over time.
They reduce dependence on debt and credit.
They create opportunities for education, business, travel, etc.
They stimulate economic growth and development.
Entrepreneurship
In this section, we will review some of the topics that you have learned about entrepreneurship , such as business opportunities and ideas, business plans and strategies, and business ethics and social responsibility.
Business opportunities and ideas
A business opportunity is a situation that presents a potential for profit or growth in the market. A business idea is a concept that can be used to create a product or service that can satisfy a customer's need or want. Both business opportunities and ideas are essential for starting and running a successful business.
How to identify and evaluate business opportunities and ideas
To identify and evaluate business opportunities and ideas, you can use the following steps:
Conduct market research: This involves gathering and analyzing information about the customers, competitors, trends, and challenges in the market. You can use various methods, such as surveys, interviews, observations, etc.
Generate business ideas: This involves brainstorming and generating possible solutions to the problems or gaps in the market. You can use various techniques, such as mind mapping, SCAMPER, SWOT analysis, etc.
Screen business ideas: This involves filtering and selecting the most feasible and viable ideas from the generated list. You can use various criteria, such as market demand, profitability, uniqueness, etc.
Test business ideas: This involves validating and refining the selected ideas by getting feedback from potential customers, partners, experts, etc. You can use various tools, such as prototypes, samples, surveys, etc.
How to conduct a SWOT analysis and a feasibility study
A SWOT analysis is a tool that helps to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a business idea or opportunity. A SWOT analysis helps to identify the internal and external factors that can affect the success or failure of a business. A SWOT analysis consists of four quadrants:
StrengthsWeaknesses
These are the positive attributes or advantages that a business has or can create. For example, skills, resources, reputation, etc.These are the negative attributes or disadvantages that a business has or can face. For example, costs, risks, limitations, etc.
OpportunitiesThreats
These are the favorable situations or trends that a business can exploit or benefit from. For example, customer needs, market gaps, technological changes, etc.These are the unfavorable situations or trends that a business can encounter or suffer from. For example, competition, regulation, economic downturn, etc.
A feasibility study is a tool that helps to determine the practicality and viability of a business idea or opportunity. A feasibility study helps to evaluate the technical, financial, and market aspects of a business. A feasibility study consists of the following sections:
Executive summary: This is a brief overview of the main findings and recommendations of the feasibility study.
Introduction: This is a background information about the business idea or opportunity, the objectives and scope of the feasibility study, and the methodology and sources used.
Technical analysis: This is an assessment of the technical requirements and capabilities of the business, such as the product or service design, production process, equipment, materials, quality control, etc.
Financial analysis: This is an assessment of the financial feasibility and profitability of the business, such as the capital investment, operating costs, revenue projections, cash flow analysis, break-even analysis, etc.
Market analysis: This is an assessment of the market potential and demand for the product or service, such as the market size, segmentation, trends, competition, pricing, distribution, promotion, etc.
Risk analysis: This is an identification and evaluation of the possible risks and uncertainties that can affect the business, such as technical, financial, market, legal, environmental, social, etc.
Conclusion and recommendation: This is a summary of the main conclusions and recommendations based on the results of the feasibility study.
Business plans and strategies
A business plan is a document that describes the goals, strategies, and operations of a business. A business plan helps to communicate the vision and mission of a business to potential investors, partners, customers, etc. A business plan also helps to guide and monitor the implementation and evaluation of a business.
How to write a business plan and a marketing plan
To write a business plan and a marketing plan, you can use the following steps:
Define your business idea or opportunity: This involves describing what your product or service is, what problem it solves or need it satisfies, what makes it unique or different from others, etc.
Analyze your market situation: This involves conducting a market research and a SWOT analysis to understand your target market, your competitors, your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the market.
Develop your marketing strategy: This involves defining your marketing objectives, your target market, your value proposition, your marketing mix, and your marketing budget. Your marketing mix consists of the four Ps of marketing: product, price, place, and promotion.
Write your business plan: This involves organizing and presenting your business idea or opportunity, your market situation, and your marketing strategy in a clear and concise manner. You can use the following outline for your business plan:
Executive summary: This is a brief overview of the main points and highlights of your business plan.
Business description: This is a detailed description of your business idea or opportunity, your vision and mission statements, your goals and objectives, your legal structure and ownership, etc.
Market analysis: This is a summary of the results of your market research and SWOT analysis.
Marketing plan: This is a detailed description of your marketing strategy, including your marketing objectives, target market, value proposition, marketing mix, and marketing budget.
Financial plan: This is a projection of the financial performance and requirements of your business, including your income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, break-even analysis, etc.
Appendices: This is a collection of any additional information or documents that support your business plan, such as resumes, references, samples, etc.
How to apply the 4Ps of marketing and the SMART goals
The 4Ps of marketing are the four elements that you can control and adjust to create a marketing mix that meets the needs and wants of your target market. The 4Ps of marketing are:
Product: This is the good or service that you offer to your customers. You should consider the features, benefits, quality, design, packaging, branding, etc. of your product.
Price: This is the amount of money that you charge for your product. You should consider the cost, value, demand, competition, etc. of your product.
Place: This is the location or channel where you distribute and sell your product. You should consider the convenience, accessibility, coverage, inventory, transportation, etc. of your product.
Promotion: This is the communication or persuasion that you use to inform and influence your customers. You should consider the message, media, audience, timing, budget, etc. of your product.
The SMART goals are the criteria that you can use to set and measure your marketing objectives. The SMART goals are:
Specific: Your marketing objectives should be clear and precise, not vague or general.
Measurable: Your marketing objectives should be quantifiable and verifiable, not subjective or ambiguous.
Achievable: Your marketing objectives should be realistic and attainable, not impossible or unrealistic.
Relevant: Your marketing objectives should be aligned and consistent with your business goals and vision, not irrelevant or contradictory.
Time-bound: Your marketing objectives should have a deadline and a timeframe, not indefinite or open-ended.
Business ethics and social responsibility
Business ethics are the moral principles and values that guide the behavior and decisions of a business. Social responsibility is the obligation of a business to contribute to the well-being of the society and the environment. Both business ethics and social responsibility are important for building trust and reputation, attracting and retaining customers and employees, complying with laws and regulations, and achieving long-term success.
What are business ethics and social responsibility
Business ethics and social responsibility can be defined as follows:
Business ethics: Business ethics are the standards of conduct that a business follows in its relationships with its stakeholders, such as customers, employees, suppliers, competitors, shareholders, government, etc. Business ethics are based on the values and beliefs of a business, such as honesty, integrity, fairness, respect, etc.
Social responsibility: Social responsibility is the duty of a business to consider the impact of its actions on the society and the environment. Social responsibility involves addressing the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic expectations of a business, such as providing quality products and services, paying taxes, following laws and regulations, protecting human rights and the environment, supporting charitable causes, etc.
How to implement ethical and socially responsible business practices
To implement ethical and socially responsible business practices, you can use the following steps:
Establish a code of ethics: A code of ethics is a document that outlines the mission, vision, values, principles, and rules of a business. A code of ethics helps to communicate and enforce the ethical standards and expectations of a business to its stakeholders.
Train and educate employees: Training and education are essential for raising awareness and understanding of the ethical and social issues and responsibilities of a business. Training and education help to develop the skills and knowledge of employees to make ethical and socially responsible decisions and actions.
Monitor and evaluate performance: Monitoring and evaluation are important for measuring and improving the ethical and social performance of a business. Monitoring and evaluation involve collecting and analyzing data and feedback on the ethical and social outcomes and impacts of a business.
Report and disclose information: Reporting and disclosure are important for demonstrating and enhancing the transparency and accountability of a business. Reporting and disclosure involve sharing and communicating information on the ethical and social policies, practices, and performance of a business to its stakeholders.
Conclusion
In this article, we have discussed how to download and use the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files that are available online. We have also reviewed some of the topics that you have learned in EMS, such as the economy, financial literacy, and entrepreneurship. We hope that this article has helped you to revise and prepare for your tests.
Here are some tips and resources for further study:
Review your notes, textbooks, worksheets, and assignments regularly.
Practice more past exam papers and memos from different sources and years.
Join a study group or ask for help from your teacher or tutor if you have any questions or difficulties.
Visit the following websites for more information and resources on EMS:
We wish you all the best for your exams!
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some of the frequently asked questions about grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF download:
Q: Where can I find the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files?
A: You can find the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files by using the links provided in this article or by searching online on various websites.
Q: How can I download the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files?
A: You can download the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files by clicking on the links or by right-clicking and choosing the save as option.
Q: How can I use the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files?
A: You can use the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files by printing them out or by viewing them on your computer or mobile device. You can also use them to practice your exam skills and to review your topics.
Q: What are the benefits of using the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files?
A: The benefits of using the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files are that they help you to review the topics that you have learned in class, practice your exam techniques and time management skills, identify your strengths and weaknesses in each topic, improve your confidence and reduce your anxiety before the exam, etc.
Q: What are the topics that are covered in the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files?
A: The topics that are covered in the grade 9 EMS exam papers and memos 2018 PDF files are the economy, financial literacy, and entrepreneurship. These topics include subtopics such as the history of money, needs and wants, goods and services, accounting concepts, income and expenses, savings and investments, business opportunities and ideas, business plans and strategies, business ethics and social responsibility, etc.
Q: How can I improve my grade in EMS?
A: You can improve your grade in EMS by studying hard and smart, using various resources and tools, such as past exam papers and memos, textbooks, notes, worksheets, assignments, websites, etc., asking for help from your teacher or tutor if you have any questions or difficulties, joining a study group or finding a study partner, setting goals and making plans, managing your time and stress effectively, etc.
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